Relation between channel and spatial mesoscopic correlations in volume-disordered waveguides
Alexey Yamilov
We investigate the relationship between channel and spatial mesoscopic correlations in volume-disordered waveguides. We emphasize the importance of the surface escape function, which describes the distribution of transmitted flux among different channels, and we derive expressions for spatial field ... [Phys. Rev. B 78, 045104 (2008)] published Thu Jul 3, 2008.
Pulse dynamics and solitons in mode-locked lasers
Mark J. Ablowitz and Theodoros P. Horikis
A model system is presented that describes the physical properties of mode-locked lasers. This distributed system incorporates gain and filtering saturated with energy while loss is saturated with power. It is found that general initial pulses evolve to stable localized solutions which exist for wid ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 011802 (2008)] published Thu Jul 3, 2008.
Enhancing the yield of high-order harmonics with an array of gas jets
Angela Pirri, Chiara Corsi, and Marco Bellini
We report the experimental observation of an enhancement in the yield of high-order harmonics using an array of gas jets as the source medium. By comparing the experimental outcome for jet arrays of different spacings with the predicted harmonic intensity in the case of slit sources of equivalent le ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 011801 (2008)] published Thu Jul 3, 2008.
Observation of Multivortex Solitons in Photonic Lattices
Bernd Terhalle, Tobias Richter, Anton S. Desyatnikov, Dragomir N. Neshev, Wieslaw Krolikowski et al.
We report on the first observation of topologically stable spatially localized multivortex solitons generated in optically induced hexagonal photonic lattices. We demonstrate that topological stabilization of such nonlinear localized states can be achieved through self-trapping of truncated two-dime ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 013903 (2008)] published Thu Jul 3, 2008.
Electromagnetically induced transparency inside the laser cavity: Switch between first-order and second-order phase transitions
Qingqing Sun, M. Selim Shahriar, and M. Suhail Zubairy
We investigate the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency inside a laser cavity. By changing the intensity of an external drive field, we can control the absorption to the laser field. A semiclassical analysis shows that the system undergoes a switch between first-order and second-order ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 013805 (2008)] published Wed Jul 2, 2008.
Control of light speed: From slow light to superluminal light
Qun-Feng Chen, Yong-Sheng Zhang, Bao-Sen Shi, and Guang-Can Guo
A scheme for controlling light speed from slower-than-c to faster-than-c in an atomic system is presented in this paper. The scheme is based on far detuning Raman effect. Two far detuning coupling fields with small frequency difference will produce two absorptive peaks for the probe field in a Lambd ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 013804 (2008)] published Wed Jul 2, 2008.
Three-dimensional ab initio investigation of light-matter interaction in Mie lasers
A. Fratalocchi, C. Conti, and G. Ruocco
We report on an ab initio investigation of light-matter interactions in a spherical Mie laser. We derive a three-dimensional vector set of Maxwell-Bloch (MB) equations and solve them by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Parallel MB-FDTD simulations are employed to study the nonlinear ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 013806 (2008)] published Wed Jul 2, 2008.
Agile acousto-optic tracking system for free-space optical communications
Vladimir V. Nikulin, Rahul M. Khandekar, and Jozef Sofka
Laser communication is viewed as an enabling technology with great potential in both long-range and last-mile applications, serving the needs of individual subscribers, corporate offices, military, and possibly deep-space missions. Indeed, lasers allow for concentration of energy within tightly focu ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 064301 (2008)] published Wed Jul 2, 2008.
Implementation of a noninvasive data encryption technique based on a free-space spectral phase scrambling scheme
Joaquin Alfonso Cornejo and Jean-Louis de Bougrenet de la Tocnaye
We investigate how to scale a free-space wavelength blocker to implement a spectral phase scrambling system to secure high data rate optical transmissions within a wavelength division multiplexing optical network. This technique belongs to the optical code-division multiple access family, and its im ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 065004 (2008)] published Wed Jul 2, 2008.
Diode-pumped laser operation of Yb[sup 3+]-doped Y[sub 2]Ca[sub 3]B[sub 4]O[sub 12] crystal
Alain Brenier, Chaoyang Tu, Yan Wang, Zhenyu You, Zhaojie Zhu et al.
We report in the present paper the Yb-doped YCaBO diode-pumped laser operation in both continuous-wave (cw) and passively Q-switched modes. The differential slopes of the cw output power are in the 22%40% range under different experimental conditions. Continuous tuning of the laser wavelength is obt ... [J. Appl. Phys. 104, 013102 (2008)] published Wed Jul 2, 2008.
Effect of intensity noise of semiconductor lasers on the digital modulation characteristics and the bit error rate of optical communication systems
Moustafa Ahmed and Minoru Yamada
This paper presents theoretical evaluation of the digital modulation performance of semiconductor lasers in digital communication systems with gigabit rates. The study is based on numerical integration of the rate equations augmented by a nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) bit generator. For solitary semicondu ... [J. Appl. Phys. 104, 013104 (2008)] published Wed Jul 2, 2008.
Space-charge-controlled electro-optic effect: Optical beam deflection by electro-optic effect and space-charge-controlled electrical conduction
Koichiro Nakamura, Jun Miyazu, Yuzo Sasaki, Tadayuki Imai, Masahiro Sasaura et al.
This paper describes the experimental and theoretical studies of an anomalous optical beam deflection phenomenon based on electrooptic effect and space-charge-controlled electrical conduction. In the experiment, a large deflection angle of 250 mrad (=14.3 degrees ) has been observed by applying 250 ... [J. Appl. Phys. 104, 013105 (2008)] published Wed Jul 2, 2008.
Optimizing the Ar--Xe infrared laser on the Naval Research Laboratory's Electra generator
J. P. Apruzese, J. L. Giuliani, M. F. Wolford, J. D. Sethian, G. M. Petrov et al.
The ArXe infrared laser has been investigated in several series of experiments carried out on the Naval Research Laboratory's Electra generator. Our primary goals were to optimize the efficiency of the laser (within Electra's capabilities) and to gain understanding of the main physical processes und ... [J. Appl. Phys. 104, 013101 (2008)] published Wed Jul 2, 2008.
Where is My Digital Holographic Display?
Joel E. Tohline
Are high-resolution digital holographic displays just around the corner? In the 1990s, two hurdles seemed to be preventing the practical implementation of computational holography techniques: computational workload and hardware projection capabilities. Are these hurdles still in place? ... [Comput. Sci. Eng. 10, 84 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
Spectral tuning and near-field imaging of photonic crystal microcavities
Francesca Intonti, Silvia Vignolini, Francesco Riboli, Anna Vinattieri, Diederik S. Wiersma et al.
We experimentally observe a sizable and reversible spectral tuning of the resonances of a two-dimensional photonic crystal microcavity induced by the introduction of a subwavelength size glass tip. The comparison between experimental near-field data, collected with lambda/6 spatial resolution, and r ... [Phys. Rev. B 78, 041401 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
A three-dimensional isotropic transmission-line metamaterial topology for free-space excitation
Ashwin K. Iyer and George V. Eleftheriades
This work proposes a three-dimensional isotropic transmission-line metamaterial topology for free-space excitation whose negative-refractive-index properties are validated by full-wave simulation. The topology is based on a physical realization of the symmetrical condensed node of transmission-line ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 261106 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
Anisotropic medium with parabolic dispersion
Linfang Shen, Jin-Jei Wu, and Tzong-Jer Yang
A layered metamaterial which is predicted by the effective medium theory to be an anisotropic medium with partial zero permittivities is analyzed carefully. It is shown that such a material has a dispersion relation in parabolic form, which is quite different from the known ones. This material may b ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 261905 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
Longitudinal coherence in thermal ghost imaging
F. Ferri, D. Magatti, V. G. Sala, and A. Gatti
We show theoretically and experimentally that lensless ghost imaging with thermal light is fully interpretable in terms of classical statistical optics. The disappearance of the ghost image when the object and the reference planes are located at different distances from the source is due to the fadi ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 261109 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
Cylindrical-to-plane-wave conversion via embedded optical transformation
Wei Xiang Jiang, Tie Jun Cui, Hui Feng Ma, Xiao Yang Zhou, and Qiang Cheng
We investigate the conversion from cylindrical waves to plane waves in a short range through a metamaterial layer which has a circular shape in the inner outline and a square shape in the outer outline. Based on an embedded optical transformation, analytical formulas of the permittivity and permeabi ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 261903 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
Viewing-angle controllable liquid crystal display using a fringe- and vertical-field driven hybrid aligned nematic liquid crystal
Eun Jeong, Young Jin Lim, Mi Hyung Chin, Jin Ho Kim, Seung Hee Lee et al.
Viewing-angle controllable liquid crystal display (LCD) without using an additional panel or pixel division is proposed. In the device, hybrid aligned nematic liquid crystal using a liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy is used. The device shows narrow viewing angle when it is driven on ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 261102 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
Semidiscrete solitons in arrayed waveguide structures with Kerr nonlinearity
N.-C. Panoiu, B. A. Malomed, and R. M. Osgood, Jr.
We construct families of optical semidiscrete composite solitons (SDCSs), with one or two independent propagation constants, supported by a planar slab waveguide, cross-phase-modulation coupled to a periodic array of stripes. Both structures feature the cubic nonlinearity and support intrinsic modes ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 013801 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
Optically induced spin echoes in rubidium atoms: On- and off-resonant manipulations of spins
T. Moriyasu, Y. Koyama, Y. Fukuda, and T. Kohmoto
We studied the optical manipulation of spin coherence in rubidium atoms by using polarization spectroscopy with the pump-probe technique. Two types of optically induced spin echoes, namely on- and off-resonant manipulations, whose creation mechanism are the optical pumping effect and the light shift ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 013402 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
Optical imaging beyond the diffraction limit via dark states
Hebin Li, Vladimir A. Sautenkov, Michael M. Kash, Alexei V. Sokolov, George R. Welch et al.
We study the possibility of creating spatial patterns having subwavelength size by using the so-called dark states formed by the interaction between atoms and optical fields. These optical fields have a specified spatial distribution. Our experiments in Rb vapor display spatial patterns that are sma ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 013803 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
Observation of narrow Autler-Townes components in the resonant response of a dense atomic gas
Vladimir A. Sautenkov, Yuri V. Rostovtsev, and Eric R. Eliel
We have experimentally studied the reflection of a weak probe beam from a dense atomic potassium vapor in the presence of a strong laser field tuned to the atomic resonance transition. We have observed an Autler-Townes doublet under hitherto unexplored conditions, namely, that the Rabi frequency ind ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 013802 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
Absolute calibration of photostimulable image plate detectors used as (0.5--20 MeV) high-energy proton detectors
A. ManCic, J. Fuchs, P. Antici, S. A. Gaillard, and P. Audebert
In this paper, the absolute calibration of photostimulable image plates (IPs) used as proton detectors is presented. The calibration is performed in a wide range of proton energies (0.520 MeV) by exposing simultaneously the IP and calibrated detectors (radiochromic films and solid state detector CR ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 073301 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
Numerical fringe pattern demodulation strategies in interferometry
Jens Bethge and Gunter Steinmeyer
The performance of two different numerical frequency demodulation strategies for evaluating sampled fringe patterns in interferometric applications and optics is discussed. Namely, these techniques involve traditional Fourier filtering techniques and a strategy based on the Gabor wavelets. While the ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 073102 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
Observation of wakefield generation in left-handed band of metamaterial-loaded waveguide
S. Antipov, L. Spentzouris, W. Gai, M. Conde, F. Franchini et al.
We report on a design of a TM-mode based metamaterial-loaded waveguide. Network analyzer measurements demonstrated a left-handed propagation region for the TM mode at around 10 GHz. A beamline experiment was performed with the metamaterial-loaded waveguide. In this experiment, a 6 MeV electron beam ... [J. Appl. Phys. 104, 014901 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
Development and evolution of MOEMS technology in variable optical attenuators
Chengkuo Lee and J. Andrew Yeh
Optical microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology or micro-optoelectromechanical systems (MOEMS) technology has proven to be an enabling technology for many components of optical networking applications. Due to their widespread applications, MEMS variable optical attenuators (VOA) have been o ... [J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS 7, 021003 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
Design and implementation of an optical joint transform encryption system using complex-encoded key mask
Chiung-Liang Chen, Li-Chien Lin, and Chau-Jern Cheng
We investigate the practical design of a complex-encoded key mask for optical encryption and decryption based on joint transform correlation architecture. The mask is created by using two coupled liquid-crystal spatial light modulators, one operating in amplitude mode and the other in phase mode. We ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 068201 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
Synthesis algorithm based on overcomplete wavelet expansion for line scratch restoration in old films
Jin Xu, Jun Sun, Xingdong Wang, and Li Chen
Digitalized old films are often degraded by some annoying defects, one of the most common artifacts being line scratches. We present an effective synthesis algorithm for line scratch detection and removal in the overcomplete wavelet expansion (OWE) domain, which is called the OWE-based synthesis alg ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 067004 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
Speed measurement of spherical objects using an off-the-shelf digital camera
Huei-Yung Lin and Chia-Hong Chang
Motion blur is a result of finite acquisition time of practical cameras and the relative motion between the camera and moving objects. We present a method for speed measurement of spherical objects using motion blurred images captured by a digital camera. The object is assumed under a straight line ... [J. Electron. Imaging 17, 033015 (2008)] published Tue Jul 1, 2008.
Fabrication of stationary micro-optical shutter based on semiconductor-to-metallic phase transition of W-doped VO[sub 2] active layer driven by an external voltage
M. Soltani, M. Chaker, E. Haddad, R. Kruzelecky, J. Margot et al.
The authors have successfully fabricated stationary micro-optical shutter arrays based on the well-known transmitting semiconductor (on) to the reflecting metallic (off) phase transition of thermochromic W-doped VO active layers operating at room temperature and driven by an external voltage. This s ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 26, 763 (2008)] published Mon Jun 30, 2008.
Effective theory of quadratic degeneracies
Y. D. Chong, Xiao-Gang Wen, and Marin SoljaCic
We present an effective theory for the Bloch functions of a two-dimensional square lattice near a quadratic degeneracy point. The degeneracy is protected by the symmetries of the crystal, and breaking these symmetries can either open a band gap or split the degeneracy into a pair of linear degenerac ... [Phys. Rev. B 77, 235125 (2008)] published Mon Jun 30, 2008.
Validity of the effective-medium approximation of photonic crystals
Wojciech Smigaj and Boris Gralak
A definition of the effective permittivity and permeability is proposed for two-dimensional photonic crystals. Expression for these effective parameters is deduced from the combination of the dispersion law with the formula for the reflection coefficient of a semi-infinite photonic crystal in the si ... [Phys. Rev. B 77, 235445 (2008)] published Mon Jun 30, 2008.
Enhanced emission from fcc fluorescent photonic crystals
Andrew Brzezinski, Jyh-Tsung Lee, Jason D. Slinker, George G. Malliaras, Paul V. Braun et al.
We fabricated a high quality fcc photonic crystal composed of ruthenium tris-bipyridine [Ru(bpy)](PF). Solid-angle-resolved spectroscopy was performed over 76% of 2pi sr, with ~2 degrees resolution. Anisotropic emission patterns are explained with an analytic model of two plane waves coupled by dif ... [Phys. Rev. B 77, 233106 (2008)] published Mon Jun 30, 2008.
Temporally multiplexed superposition states of continuous variables
Masahide Sasaki, Masahiro Takeoka, and Hiroki Takahashi
We study non-Gaussian states generated by two-photon subtraction from a continuous-wave (cw) squeezed light source. In a cw scheme, one can subtract two photons from the source with a designated time separation and can generate temporally multiplexed superposition states of continuous variables. We ... [Phys. Rev. A 77, 063840 (2008)] published Mon Jun 30, 2008.
Tunable generation of Bessel beams with a fluidic axicon
Graham Milne, Gavin D. M. Jeffries, and Daniel T. Chiu
This paper describes a tunable fluidic conical lens, or axicon, for the generation and dynamic reconfiguration of Bessel beams. When illuminated with a Gaussian laser beam, our fluidic axicon generates a diverging beam with an annular cross section. By varying the refractive index of the solution th ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 261101 (2008)] published Mon Jun 30, 2008.
Laser pulse induced bumps in chalcogenide phase change films
Jingsong Wei, Xinbing Jiao, Fuxin Gan, and Mufei Xiao
Formation of bumps in chalcogenide phase change thin films during the laser writing process is theoretically and experimentally investigated. The process involves basically fast heating and quenching stages. Circular bumps are formed after cooling, and the shape and size of the bumps depend on vario ... [J. Appl. Phys. 103, 124516 (2008)] published Mon Jun 30, 2008.
Extending Femtosecond Filamentation of High Power Laser Propagating in the Atmosphere
Shmuel Eisenmann, Yonatan Sivan, Gadi Fibich, and Arie Zigler
We show experimentally for ultrashort laser pulses propagating in air, that the filamentation distance of intense laser pulses in the atmosphere can be extended and controlled with a simple double-lens setup. Using this method we were able to achieve a 20-fold delay of the filamentation distance of ... [AIP Conf. Proc. 1024, 257 (2008)] published Mon Jun 30, 2008.
Development and Application Research of Highly Coherent X-ray Laser at 13.9 nm
Masaharu Nishikino, Noboru Hasegawa, Tetsuya Kawachi, Yoshihiro Ochi, Keisuke Nagashima et al.
We are developing plasma x-ray lasers pumped by ultra-short pulse lasers and have concentrated our efforts on developing a silver x-ray laser (13.9 nm) with spatially full coherence and application research using a highly coherent x-ray laser. Recently, we have developed a new pumping laser system, ... [AIP Conf. Proc. 1024, 250 (2008)] published Mon Jun 30, 2008.
Generation of High-Contrast, High-Intensity Laser Pulses by Use of Nonlinear Pre-Amplifier with Ti:Sapphire Chirped-Pulse Amplification Laser System
Hiromitsu Kiriyama, Michiaki Mori, Izuru Daito, Yoshiki Nakai, Takuya Shimomura et al.
We demonstrate a high-contrast, 80-TW, 19-fs Ti:sapphire chirped-pulse amplification laser system that incorporates a nonlinear pre-amplifier based on optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA) for use in experiments where relativistic effects dominate the physics. With the OPCPA, the backgr ... [AIP Conf. Proc. 1024, 7 (2008)] published Mon Jun 30, 2008.
Photon Science Research at APRC of JAEA
Toyoaki Kimura
Overviewed is research on photon science and technology at the Advanced Photon Research Center (APRC) of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), where development of ultra-fast, high intensity lasers and their applications are being promoted. The importance of combined applications of laser, accelera ... [AIP Conf. Proc. 1024, 1 (2008)] published Mon Jun 30, 2008.
Subdiffraction Light Focusing on a Grating Substrate
Anne Sentenac and Patrick C. Chaumet
We describe a way to generate subdiffraction light spots that can be moved over a surface without resorting to near-field manipulation, nonlinear effects, or negative index materials. We use a periodically patterned substrate that converted efficiently, through scattering, the impinging propagative ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 013901 (2008)] published Mon Jun 30, 2008.