Performance analysis of low-delay burst transmission scheme with two-way signaling for effective tentative reservation
Hironori Yoshidome and Nobuo Goto
The optical burst switching (OBS) technique is a realistic solution to the mismatch of the capacity of optical fiber and electrical switching in backbone photonic networks. One of the critical issues in OBS networks is to avoid burst contention at transit nodes. This problem induces the rapid growth ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 075007 (2008)] published Fri Jul 18, 2008.
Fiber array fabrication technique for 15-mu m-diameter single-mode fibers
Lina J. Arauz, Yuan Luo, Jose E. Castillo, Jennifer Barton, and Raymond K. Kostuk
We describe a technique to package 15-[mu]m-diam single-mode fibers on a silicon substrate that can be incorporated into an endoscopic probe tip. The single-mode fibers in the array can be used in coherent imaging applications such as optical coherence tomography. Fiber-to-substrate and fiber-to-fib ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 074002 (2008)] published Fri Jul 18, 2008.
Dynamic light scattering in turbid nonergodic media
Martin Medebach, Norbert Freiberger, and Otto Glatter
We here present a new device based on dynamic light scattering (DLS) for measuring kinetics in turbid and nonergodic systems. This flat cell light scattering instrument has been developed in our laboratory and is based on an original flat cell instrument employing cells of varying thickness in order ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 073907 (2008)] published Fri Jul 18, 2008.
Local region-based image quality assessment independent of JPEG and JPEG2000 coded color images
Z. M. Parvez Sazzad and Y. Horita
The importance of the perceived quality measurement is fundamental for many image processing applications, such as compression, acquisition, restoration, enhancement, and reproduction. Color information is also of great importance for the perceived image quality, although perceived information is ma ... [J. Electron. Imaging 17, 033002 (2008)] published Fri Jul 18, 2008.
Turn-on dynamics and modulation response in semiconductor quantum dot lasers
Kathy Ludge, Moritz J. P. Bormann, Ermin Malic, Philipp Hovel, Matthias Kuntz et al.
We show that the dynamic response of electrically pumped semiconductor quantum dot lasers can be quantitatively understood by including the strongly nonlinear character of electron-electron scattering processes. The numerical simulations presented here combine a microscopic approach used for calcula ... [Phys. Rev. B 78, 035316 (2008)] published Thu Jul 17, 2008.
Cavity optomechanical coupling assisted by an atomic gas
H. Ian, Z. R. Gong, Yu-xi Liu, C. P. Sun, and Franco Nori
We theoretically study a cavity filled with atoms, which provides the optical-mechanical interaction between the modified cavity photonic field and a oscillating mirror at one end. We show that the cavity field dresses these atoms, producing two types of polaritons, effectively enhancing the radiati ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 013824 (2008)] published Thu Jul 17, 2008.
Thermodynamic analysis of quantum light purification
E. Boukobza and D. J. Tannor
We studied the thermodynamics of quantum light amplification in Phys. Rev. A 74, 063822 (2006). In this work we extend our analysis to include quantum light attenuation, as well as saturated amplification. We show that, for a given excitation of the two reservoirs, different field states converge to ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 013825 (2008)] published Thu Jul 17, 2008.
Degenerate multiwave mixing using Z-scan technique
G. Boudebs, K. Fedus, C. Cassagne, and H. Leblond
This study deals with a multiwave mixing experiment using Z-scan technique. We show that it is possible to simplify the complex degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) experimental setup in order to characterize nonlinear materials. One object composed of three circular apertures is used as an input in a ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 021118 (2008)] published Thu Jul 17, 2008.
Nonlinear optical tuning of photonic crystal microcavities by near-field probe
Silvia Vignolini, Francesca Intonti, Laurent Balet, Margherita Zani, Francesco Riboli et al.
We report on a nonlinear way to control and tune the dielectric environment of photonic crystal microcavities exploiting the local heating induced by near-field laser excitation at different excitation powers. The temperature gradient due to the optical absorption results in an index of refraction g ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 023124 (2008)] published Thu Jul 17, 2008.
Investigation of Large Display Color Image Appearance II: The Influence of Surround Conditions
Seo Young Choi, M. Ronnier Luo, Michael R. Pointer, and Peter A. Rhodes
The purpose of this work was to quantify the surround effect on the color image appearance of images presented on a large display. The appearance attributes colorfulness, contrast, and naturalness together with image quality were estimated under four surround conditions: Dark, dim, and bright surrou ... [J. Imaging Sci. Technol. 52, 040905 (2008)] published Thu Jul 17, 2008.
Investigation of Large Display Color Image Appearance I: Important Factors Affecting Perceived Quality
Seo Young Choi, M. Ronnier Luo, Michael R. Pointer, and Peter A. Rhodes
A large-scale psychophysical experiment was performed to establish the important image appearance attributes controlling the perceived quality of images presented on a large display under dark surround conditions. Six image appearance attributes were chosen: Colorfulness, contrast, naturalness, visu ... [J. Imaging Sci. Technol. 52, 040904 (2008)] published Thu Jul 17, 2008.
Relaxed maximum-variance unfolding
Chenping Hou, Yuanyuan Jiao, Yi Wu, and Dongyun Yi
Nonlinear dimensionality reduction (recently called manifold learning) is crucial in many research fields. Maximum-variance unfolding (MVU) is one of the most important approaches to it. Unfortunately, due to too strict local constraints, MVU cannot unfold the manifold when short-circuit edges appea ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 077202 (2008)] published Thu Jul 17, 2008.
Internal Momentum State Mapping Using High Harmonic Radiation
Xinhua Xie, Armin Scrinzi, Marlene Wickenhauser, Andrius Baltuska, Ingo Barth et al.
We numerically demonstrate so-far undescribed features in ionization and high harmonic generation from bound states with nonvanishing electronic angular momentum. The states' modified response to a strong laser pulse can be exploited for novel measurement and pulse production schemes. It is shown th ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 033901 (2008)] published Thu Jul 17, 2008.
Fundamental Quantum Limit to the Multiphoton Absorption Rate for Monochromatic Light
Mankei Tsang
The local multiphoton absorption rate for an arbitrary quantum state of monochromatic light, taking into account the photon number, momentum, and polarization degrees of freedom, is shown to have an upper bound that can be reached by coherent fields. This surprising result rules out any quantum enha ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 033602 (2008)] published Thu Jul 17, 2008.
Erratum: High-visibility multiphoton interference of Hanbury Brown--Twiss type for classical light [Phys. Rev. A [bold 77], 053801 (2008)]
I. N. Agafonov, M. V. Chekhova, T. Sh. Iskhakov, and A. N. Penin
... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 019902 (2008)] published Wed Jul 16, 2008.
Multiphoton microscopy based on four-wave mixing of colloidal quantum dots
Francesco Masia, Wolfgang Langbein, and Paola Borri
We demonstrate a novel multiphoton imaging modality based on the detection of four-wave mixing (FWM) from colloidal nanoparticles. This third-order signal is excited and detected in resonance with the ground-state excitonic transition of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. We measure transversal and axial resolu ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 021114 (2008)] published Wed Jul 16, 2008.
Novel ultrafast all-optical nonreturn-to-zero to return-to-zero format converter based on Sagnac interferometric structure
Zhixin Chen
Based on the Sagnac interferometric structure, a simple novel ultrafast scheme of an all-optical nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) to return-to-zero (RZ) is proposed. The operations of this scheme at 40 Gbit/s 21 PRBS sequences are simulated correctly with an output extinction ratio of more than 19.1 dB. Th ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 075008 (2008)] published Wed Jul 16, 2008.
Mitigation of the effects of self phase modulation and group-velocity dispersion in fiber optic communications: dispersion- and power-map cooptimization using the genetic algorithm
M. Yousaf Hamza, Salim Tariq, Mian M. Awais, and Shiquan Yang
We show that co-optimization of dispersion and power maps in long-haul fiber optic communications can significantly mitigate the effects of group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and self phase modulation (SPM). A genetic algorithm is used for arriving at the optimal (or a near-optimal) link design in reas ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 075003 (2008)] published Wed Jul 16, 2008.
Full-field particle velocimetry with a photorefractive optical novelty filter
Mike Woerdemann, Frank Holtmann, and Cornelia Denz
We utilize the finite time constant of a photorefractive optical novelty filter microscope to access full-field velocity information of fluid flows on microscopic scales. In contrast to conventional methods such as particle image velocimetry and particle tracking velocimetry, not only image acquisit ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 021108 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
Non-magnetic simplified cylindrical cloak with suppressed zeroth order scattering
Wei Yan, Min Yan, and Min Qiu
A type of simplified cloaks with matched exterior boundaries is proposed. The cloak uses nonmagnetic material for the TM polarization and can function with a relatively thin thickness. It is shown that the zeroth order scattering of such cloak is dominant among all cylindrical scattering terms. A ga ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 021909 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
Highly sensitive coherent detection of terahertz waves at room temperature using a parametric process
Ruixiang Guo, Seigo Ohno, Hiroaki Minamide, Tomofumi Ikari, and Hiromasa Ito
We report the experimental results of coherent detection of narrow-linewidth nanosecond terahertz radiation at room temperature using frequency conversion in a nonlinear MgO:LiNbO crystal. Mixing the terahertz radiation with a near-infrared intense pump pulse results in the excitation and amplificat ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 021106 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
Spectral Color Reproduction Using an Interim Connection Space-Based Lookup Table
Shohei Tsutsumi, Mitchell R. Rosen, and Roy S. Berns
For purposes of defining a feasible approach to spectral color management, previous research proposed an interim connection space (ICS). ICS is relatively low in dimension and would be situated between a high-dimensional spectral profile connection space and output units. The current research simula ... [J. Imaging Sci. Technol. 52, 040201 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
Quantum random walks and wave-packet reshaping at the single-photon level
P. H. Souto Ribeiro, S. P. Walborn, C. Raitz, Jr., L. Davidovich, and N. Zagury
We realize an experimental implementation of one step of a quantum random walk at the single-photon level. After a single step, it is already possible to observe the difference between the quantum and classical random walk. The single photon is obtained using twin photons from parametric down-conver ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 012326 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
Nonlinear dynamics of optical absorption of intense beams
D. Corbett, C. L. van Oosten, and M. Warner
On traversing materials with absorbing dyes, weak optical beams decay exponentially (a Beer profile), while intense beams develop in time a profile that is spatially linear until at great depth it becomes spatially exponential. This anomalous, deep penetration, due to photobleaching of surface layer ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 013823 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
Discrete cavity solitons due to saturable nonlinearity
A. V. Yulin, A. R. Champneys, and D. V. Skryabin
Discrete localized structures are found in optical cavities with focusing saturable nonlinearity. Families of both bright and gray solitons exhibit multistability as they develop internal shelves in the pinning region around a Maxwell point. Both saturability and discreteness are required for these ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 011804 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
Laser intensity dependence of high-order harmonic generation from aligned CO[sub 2] molecules
Peng Liu, Pengfei Yu, Zhinan Zeng, Hui Xiong, Xiaochun Ge et al.
We investigate experimentally the high-order harmonic generation from aligned CO molecules and demonstrate that the modulation inversion of the harmonic yield with respect to molecular alignment can be altered dramatically by fine-tuning the intensity of the driving laser pulse for harmonic generati ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 015802 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
Derivation of Maxwell-Bloch-type equations by projection of quantum models
Hideo Mabuchi
A simple algebraic procedure is described for deriving Maxwell-Bloch-type equations from single-atom cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) master equations via orthogonal projection onto a manifold of semiclassical states. In particular, the usual Maxwell-Bloch equations are obtainedup to a st ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 015801 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
Cavity-assisted spontaneous emission as a single-photon source: Pulse shape and efficiency of one-photon Fock-state preparation
M. Khanbekyan, D.-G. Welsch, C. Di Fidio, and W. Vogel
Within the framework of exact quantum electrodynamics in dispersing and absorbing media, we have studied the quantum state of the radiation emitted from an initially in the upper state, prepared two-level atom in a high-Q cavity, including the regime where the emitted photon belongs to a wave packet ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 013822 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
Coherent effects in a nonlinear birefringent resonance impurity-doped fiber
Sergei O. Elyutin
The polarization and spatiotemporal dynamics of coherent pulses propagating in a doped birefringent nonlinear fiber are modeled with the inclusion of the local Lorentz field. The numerical solutions describe the full set of equations for circularly polarized components of a coherent optical pulse co ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 013821 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
A new large radius imaging plate camera for high-resolution and high-throughput synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction by multiexposure method
Masahiko Tanaka, Yoshio Katsuya, and Akiji Yamamoto
A new large radius imaging plate diffraction camera for high-resolution and high-throughput synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction by means of multiple exposures has been developed for an insertion device beamline of SPring-8, Japan. The new imaging plate camera consists of a large radius cylindrical ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 075106 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers with a normal dispersion pump pulse near the zero-dispersion wavelength
Shumin Zhang, Xiufeng Yang, Fuyun Lu, Yandong Gong, and Xiulan Meng
The onset of supercontinuum generation in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is investigated experimentally and numerically as a function of pump optical power with a femtosecond pulse. The pump pulse wavelength is positioned in the normal-dispersion regime close to the zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 075005 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
Strong Tl--Hg band emission at 4590 and 6560 [A-ring] via electron beam initiated discharges in TlI and Hg mixtures
L. A. Schlie, L. E. Jusinski, R. D. Rathge, R. A. Hamil, and D. L. Drummond
Very strong TlHg excimer band emission at 4590 (B SigmaX) and 6560 A (B SigmaX) has been observed from stable glow discharges produced in TlI and Hg mixtures via a 20 nsec electron beam pulse. Hg densities up to 5 x 10/cm and peak TlI densities of 10/cm were used at a maximum operating temperatures ... [J. Chem. Phys. 72, 4549 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
Strong Tl--Xe excimer band emission via electron beam initiated discharges in TlI and Xe mixtures
L. A. Schlie, L. E. Jusinski, R. D. Rathge, R. A. Hamil, and D. L. Drummond
Stable glow discharges have been produced by an electron beam ionizing pulse (20 nsec) in TlI/Xe mixtures having densities of approximately 14 x 10/cm of TlI and 1010/cm of Xe in order to assess their potential as a medium for a high power TlXe excimer laser system. The use of this thallium salt in ... [J. Chem. Phys. 72, 4529 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
Electron and heavy particle temperature dependent quenching rate constants of XeF[sup *].
Daniel W. Trainor, J. H. Jacob, and M. Rokni
Two and three body quenching rate constants were determined at 300 and 500 degrees K for a number of quenching gases common to XeF* laser mixtures (Ne, Xe, F). Among these is the three body quenching of XeF by F and Xe. In addition, the quenching rate for the reaction XeF*+e was measured and this p ... [J. Chem. Phys. 72, 3646 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
Modeling of the gain and temperature in high pressure, ejector type chemical oxygen-iodine lasers and comparison to experiments
K. Waichman, B. D. Barmashenko, and S. Rosenwaks
The results of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model calculations are compared to available experimental results [V. D. Nikolaev et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38, 421 (2002)]. It is shown that the model is applicable to high pressure, ejector type chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COI ... [J. Appl. Phys. 104, 013113 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
A case study for optics: The solid immersion microscope
A. Nickolas Vamivakas, Richard D. Younger, Bennett B. Goldberg, Anna K. Swan, M. Selim Unlu et al.
Microscopes are natural objects of study in introductory and upper level courses that cover optics because they are used in most science and engineering disciplines. The solid immersion microscope has been developed to study a variety of physical systems with high resolution and we suggest its inclu ... [Am. J. Phys. 76, 758 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
A simple demonstration of frustrated total internal reflection
Zoltan Voros and Rainer Johnsen
We describe a quantitative and inexpensive method of demonstrating frustrated total internal reflection based on the attenuation of a laser beam through a wedge-shaped air gap between two glass prisms. An advantage of this method is that the thickness of the air gap can be determined by observing in ... [Am. J. Phys. 76, 746 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
On the fundamentals of optical scanning holography
Ting-Chung Poon
Optical scanning holography is a real-time holographic recording technique in which holographic information about a three-dimensional (3D) object is acquired using a single two-dimensional active optical scan. Applications of the technique include optical scanning microscopy, pattern recognition, 3D ... [Am. J. Phys. 76, 738 (2008)] published Tue Jul 15, 2008.
Ag nanocrystal-incorporated germano-silicate optical fiber with high resonant nonlinearity
Aoxiang Lin, Xueming Liu, Pramod R. Watekar, Youngjoo Chung, and Won-Taek Han
Silver nanocrystal-incorporated germano-silicate optical fiber was fabricated by modified chemical vapor deposition and solution doping techniques. By measuring the wavelength shift of the fringes obtained from the long-period fiber grating pair, upon pumping with an argon-ion laser at 499 nm, the r ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 021901 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
Room temperature continuous wave operation of quantum cascade lasers with 12.5% wall plug efficiency
Y. Bai, S. Slivken, S. R. Darvish, and M. Razeghi
An InP based quantum cascade laser heterostructure emitting at 4.6 [mu]m was grown with gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. The wafer was processed into a conventional double-channel ridge waveguide geometry with ridge widths of 19.7 and 10.6 [mu]m without semi-insulating InP regrowth. An uncoated, ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 021103 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
Dynamic tuning of an infrared hybrid-metamaterial resonance using vanadium dioxide
T. Driscoll, S. Palit, M. M. Qazilbash, M. Brehm, F. Keilmann et al.
We demonstrate a metamaterial device whose far-infrared resonance frequency can be dynamically tuned. Dynamic tuning should alleviate many bandwidth-related roadblocks to metamaterial application by granting a wide matrix of selectable electromagnetic properties. This tuning effect is achieved via a ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 024101 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
Gain and continuous-wave laser oscillation on the 1315 nm atomic iodine transition pumped by an air-helium electric discharge
B. S. Woodard, J. W. Zimmerman, G. F. Benavides, D. L. Carroll, J. T. Verdeyen et al.
Herein the authors report on the demonstration of gain and a continuous-wave laser on the 1315 nm transition of atomic iodine using the energy transferred to I(P) from O(aDelta) produced by a radio-frequency-excited electric discharge sustained in a dry air-HeNO gas mixture. Active oxygen and nitro ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 021104 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
Dynamic properties of InAs/InP (311)B quantum dot Fabry--Perot lasers emitting at 1.52 mu m
A. Martinez, K. Merghem, S. Bouchoule, G. Moreau, A. Ramdane et al.
Dynamic properties of truly three-dimensional-confined InAs/InP quantum dot (QD) lasers obtained by molecular beam epitaxy growth on a (311)B oriented substrate are reported. The relative intensity noise and small signal modulation bandwidth experiments evidence maximum relaxation frequency of 3.8 ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 021101 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
Using a zone model to incorporate the influence of geometry on polychromatic speckle contrast
Lioudmila Tchvialeva, Tim K. Lee, Igor Markhvida, David I. McLean, Harvey Lui et al.
A simple physical zone model was developed to explain the formation of polychromatic speckle patterns within the Fresnel region. This model represents a reasonable compromise between complex theoretical formulation and simple estimations for practical needs, and allows the speckle contrast to be cal ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 074201 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
Nonlinear optical property calculations of polyynes with long-range corrected hybrid exchange-correlation functionals
Jong-Won Song, Mark A. Watson, Hideo Sekino, and Kimihiko Hirao
Polarizabilities (alpha), second-hyperpolarizabilities (gamma), and the gamma scaling factors (c) of polyynes [H(C[equivalent]C)H, n=18] were evaluated using the long-range corrected (LC) density functional theory (DFT) and LC-DFT with a short-range Gaussian attenuation (LCgau), as well as high qual ... [J. Chem. Phys. 129, 024117 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
Lasers based on selenium [sup 1]S[sub 0] metastable atoms.
H. T. Powell and B. R. Schleicher
We have investigated the laser performance of the SD and SP electric-dipole-forbidden transitions of the ground configuration of selenium atoms using 172 nm photolysis of OCSe to produce large concentrations of Se(S). With complete dissociation of OCSe the Se(S) atoms are quenched by photoelectrons ... [J. Chem. Phys. 73, 5059 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
Spectroscopic studies on doped polyacetylene and beta-carotene
Issei Harada, Yukio Furukawa, Mitsuo Tasumi, Hideki Shirakawa, and Sakuji Ikeda
In order to elucidate the structural details of doped polyacetylene (a highly conducting organic polymer), the optical absorption, Raman, and infrared spectra of not only trans-(CH) doped with iodine, AsF, and SO but also beta-carotene doped with iodine and SO were studied. The infrared spectra of t ... [J. Chem. Phys. 73, 4746 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
The CdHg (a) state: Fluorescence kinetics and absorption
M. W. McGeoch
The molecular fluorescence of CdHg has been studied following excitation of Hg at 266 nm. The fluorescence is modeled by giving the CdHg (a) state a lifetime of 2.4 [mu]sec and including a reservoir of metastable CdHg molecules. The transmission of this system has been monitored at wavelengths betwe ... [J. Chem. Phys. 73, 2534 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
Quantum theory of coherent hyper-Raman scattering from isotropic materials
Jon Orn Bjarnason, Hans C. Andersen, and Bruce S. Hudson
The fully quantum mechanical theory of coherent hyper-Raman scattering is developed. In this scattering process, which has previously been proposed, two laser beams of wave vectors and frequencies k and omega and k and omega, respectively, impinge upon the sample to produce a scattered beam characte ... [J. Chem. Phys. 73, 1827 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
Stable pure sulfur discharges and associated spectra
D. A. Peterson and L. A. Schlie
Stable, self-sustained discharges in pure sulfur and Hesulfur mixtures have been achieved for the first time, at operating temperatures between 0 and 250 degrees C. Very intense S (BX) band emission was observed. No other atomic or molecular emission was detected. This result indicates that S molec ... [J. Chem. Phys. 73, 1551 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
Collisional narrowing by polyatomic buffer gases in an optically pumped CH[sub 3]F laser
Nabil M. Lawandy and Gerhard A. Koepf
The gain linewidth of an optically pumped CHF molecular laser is observed to narrow with the addition of various polyatomic buffer gases. This is interpreted as collisional (Dicke) narrowing. The measurement is the first observation of collisional narrowing by polyatomic buffer gases. It is also the ... [J. Chem. Phys. 73, 1162 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
Locking of cw dye laser emission onto the wavelength of molecular fluorescence by intracavity gain: Example I[sub 2]
K. A. Truesdell, R. A. Keller, and E. F. Zalewski
A cw dye laser can be locked onto wavelengths corresponding to iodine (I) fluorescence when the fluorescing samples are placed inside the dye laser cavity. The sensitivity of the dye laser to intracavity gains is analogous to its well-known sensitivity to intracavity losses. Gains as low as 0.0001 w ... [J. Chem. Phys. 73, 1117 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
Vibrational emission by HCl from the ClF--H[sub 2] chemical laser
George C. Pimentel and Ole D. Krogh
The zero-gain and equal-gain temperature methods have been used to measure vibrational rate-constant ratios for the reaction: H+ClF-->HCl+F: N/N=3.50.8, N/N=2.30.3 and N/N=0.9.2. These data are in accord with relative rate constant measurements obtained through chemiluminescence studies. Furthermore ... [J. Chem. Phys. 73, 120 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
Back-Flow of Nematic Liquid Crystals and Its Application to Liquid Crystalline Microactuators
Shigeomi Chono and Tomohiro Tsuji
With the aim of the development of liquid crystalline microactuators, the numerical and experimental studies of the back-flow effect of nematic liquid crystals have been performed. The Leslie-Ericksen continuum theory is used to simulate the back-flow of a nematic liquid crystal, 4-n-pentyl-4-cyanob ... [AIP Conf. Proc. 1027, 1426 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
Fourier Transformation Analysis in Capillary Flow---A New Option to Detect Flow Instabilities (Shark Skin)
A. Gottfert and J. Sunder
Flow instabilities cause various problems in extrusion, coating, calandering and blow- or flat film processes. Especially shark skin is affected by the molecular structure and additives. This phenomenon is analyzed in various scientific works using apparatus that are complex or difficult in operatio ... [AIP Conf. Proc. 1027, 1195 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
Spherical Harmonic Solutions of Fiber Orientation Probability Distributions for Composite Processes
Stephen Montgomery-Smith, David Jack, and Douglas Smith
This paper presents a method to numerically solve partial differential equations such as the Jeffery's equation, which calculates the orientation of fiber in a slow moving fluid. Our method relies on spherical harmonics. This method is equivalent to using the higher order moment tensors with the lin ... [AIP Conf. Proc. 1027, 659 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
On the Sensitivity of Neutrino Telescopes to a Modified Dispersion Relation
M. Bustamante, A. M. Gago, J. L. Bazo, and O. G. Miranda
We consider a modified dispersion relation and its effect on the flavour ratios of high-energy neutrinos originated at distant astrophysical sources such as active galactic nuclei. This dispersion relation arise naturally in different new physics (NP) effects such as violation of CPT invariance, of ... [AIP Conf. Proc. 1026, 251 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
Feedback Cooling of the Normal Modes of a Massive Electromechanical System to Submillikelvin Temperature
A. Vinante, M. Bignotto, M. Bonaldi, M. Cerdonio, L. Conti et al.
We apply a feedback cooling technique to simultaneously cool the three electromechanical normal modes of the ton-scale resonant-bar gravitational wave detector AURIGA. The measuring system is based on a dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) amplifier, and the feedback cooling is app ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 033601 (2008)] published Mon Jul 14, 2008.
States of a two-dimensional photonic crystal in the presence of spatial modulation and anisotropy: A perturbative approach
G. Alagappan, X. W. Sun, and M. B. Yu
This paper presents an analytic study on the photonic states of a two-dimensional photonic crystal. Degenerate states in the absence of spatial modulation are systematically classified and the states within the same class behave similarly when the spatial modulation or the material's anisotropy is s ... [Phys. Rev. B 78, 035112 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.
Hysteresis and multiple pulsing in a semiconductor disk laser with a saturable absorber
Esa J. Saarinen, Jari Lyytikainen, and Oleg G. Okhotnikov
We report on bistable mode-locking in a semiconductor disk laser. The disk laser mode-locked with a semiconductor saturable absorber is investigated for different designs of the gain medium that allow the hysteresis loop to be controlled. Hysteresis formation in the pulsed regime of a semiconductor ... [Phys. Rev. E 78, 016207 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.
Eigenvalue distributions of correlated multichannel transfer matrices in strongly scattering systems
Rudolf Sprik, Arnaud Tourin, Julien de Rosny, and Mathias Fink
We experimentally study the effects of correlations in the propagation of ultrasonic waves in water from a multielement source to a multielement detector through a strongly scattering system of randomly placed vertical rods. Due to the strong scattering, the wave transport in the sample is in the di ... [Phys. Rev. B 78, 012202 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.
Measurement of the dispersion induced by a slow-light system based on coupled active-resonator-induced transparency
Yannick Dumeige, Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen, Laura Ghisa, Stephane Trebaol, and Patrice Feron
We demonstrate experimentally coupled active-resonator-induced transparency in a fiber system. We show that the use of Er-doped fibers can compensate for the optical losses leading to a high transparency of the system. Using a Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer, we measure the dispersion properties o ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 013818 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.
Radiationless electromagnetic interference shaping of evanescent cylindrical vector waves
L. E. Helseth
We investigate how evanescent cylindrical vector waves can be shaped by radiationless electromagnetic interference. It is shown that properly designed aperture fields result in relatively uniform intensity distributions that can be positioned a given distance away from the aperture. Our study sugges ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 013819 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.
Fundamental limits on 1/f frequency noise in rare-earth-metal-doped fiber lasers due to spontaneous emission
Scott Foster
It is proposed that observed 1/f laser frequency noise in rare-earth-metal-doped optical fiber lasers is caused by diffusion of local entropy fluctuations associated with random spontaneous emission events. This heat generation is directly associated with the broad emission spectrum of rare-earth-me ... [Phys. Rev. A 78, 013820 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.
Sharing secret images using Blakley's concept
Hao-Kuan Tso
How to protect secret information is a most important issue in military technology. In this paper, a (p,n) secret sharing method using Blakley's concept is proposed to protect the security of secret images. Even though enemies know p1 of n shadow images, they cannot obtain any information about the ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 077001 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.
Acousto-optic filters on potassium dihydrogen phosphate with optimal angle aperture and maximum beam deflection
Vitaly B. Voloshinov and Konstantin B. Yushkov
Results of a theoretical analysis on tunable acousto-optic imaging filters using potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals are presented. It is found that the maximum angular aperture of an imaging filter at the optical wavelength 0.3 [mu]m is equal to 3 deg. The diffraction efficiency in the examin ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 073201 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.
Image texture classification using a manifold-distance-based evolutionary clustering method
Maoguo Gong, Licheng Jiao, Liefeng Bo, Ling Wang, and Xiangrong Zhang
We perform unsupervised image classification based on texture features by using a novel evolutionary clustering method, named manifold evolutionary clustering (MEC). In MEC, the clustering problem is considered from a combinatorial optimization viewpoint. Each individual is a sequence of real intege ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 077201 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.
Low-loss single-mode fiber with nearly zero chromatic dispersion
David Elbaz and Zeev Zalevsky
We present a new type of single-mode fiber containing 11 radial layers surrounding the core of the fiber and having the same refractive index. The proposed fiber has low propagation losses with nearly zero residual chromatic dispersion for the spectral range of optical communication, and thus it may ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 075002 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.
Optimized design and analysis of dual-lamp illumination modules compatible with existing projector systems
Mang Ou-Yang, Ching-Wen Chou, and Yuan Ouyang
Enhancement and duration of the projector luminance play two key roles in the difficulties of existing projectors. The paper proposes an optimized and novel dual-lamp illumination module, whose designs would be based not only on easy exchange with lamps in existing projector systems, but also on imp ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 073001 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.
Microstrain detection using simultaneous endoscopic pulsed digital holography
Tonatiuh Saucedo Anaya, Manuel De la Torre, and Fernando Mendoza Santoyo
A simultaneous 2-D pulsed digital holographic setup that incorporates a rigid endoscope is used to inspect hidden object areas in order to measure microstrains. The system was tested on the internal surface of a harmonically vibrating rectangular metal box with a fracture on its surface. The simulta ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 073601 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.
Correlation-based normalized partial distortion search algorithm for motion estimation
Chia-Hung Yeh, Ming-Te Wu, and Shiunn-Jang Chern
A modified partial distortion search algorithm considering the neighboring-block correlation property is proposed for fast motion estimation. The motion vector information of neighboring coded blocks is used to predict the possible occurrence region of the global-minimum-distortion position of the c ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 077003 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.
Analysis of photonic frequency upconversion for radio-on-fiber applications using two-pump four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers
Wei Yang, Min Zhang, Huining Han, Libo Cai, and Peida Ye
A novel scheme of photonic frequency conversion based on two-pump four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier is proposed. Characterized by its wide conversion range, the proposed scheme has the potential to generate millimeter waves at much higher frequency and convert several signal chan ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 075004 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.
All-optical format conversion from inverse-return-to-zero to non-return-to-zero using a Mach-Zehnder delay interferometer
Zhixin Liu, Shilin Xiao, Zheng Liang, Lei Cai, and Yi Dong
All-optical format conversion from inverse-return-to-zero (inverse-RZ) to non-return-to-zero (NRZ) is realized by using a half-bit-delay Mach-Zehnder delay interferometer. Experimental results demonstrate that the converted NRZ signal has better receiver sensitivity than the back-to-back inverse-RZ ... [Opt. Eng. 47, 070501 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.
An ultrahigh stability, low-noise laser current driver with digital control
Christopher J. Erickson, Marshall Van Zijll, Greg Doermann, and Dallin S. Durfee
We present a low-noise, high modulation-bandwidth design for a laser current driver with excellent long-term stability. The driver improves upon the commonly used HallLibbrecht design. The current driver can be operated remotely by way of a microprocessing unit, which controls the current set point ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 073107 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.
Improved set-partitioning embedded block scheme for still image compression
Shu-Mei Guo, Bing-Hui Wu, and Jason Sheng-Hong Tsai
In the last few years, wavelet-based still image compression schemes have become one of the most popular fields of research. Several powerful methods of encoding the wavelet coefficients have been proposed and set-partitioning embedded block (SPECK) is one of the most popular techniques. We propose ... [J. Electron. Imaging 17, 033006 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.
Pulsed ultrasound-modulated optical tomography using spectral-hole burning as a narrowband spectral filter
Youzhi Li, Huiliang Zhang, Chulhong Kim, Kelvin H. Wagner, Philip Hemmer et al.
We applied a submegahertz nonlinear optical filter afforded by a cryogenically cooled spectral-hole burning crystal to ultrasound-modulated optical tomography. Our experimental results show that this technique, having the largest etendue among all available ultrasound-modulated optical tomography te ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 011111 (2008)] published Fri Jul 11, 2008.